CalcMadeira – Software to estimate Roundwood, lumber and wood veneer
EMBRAPA
SIG SOLUÇÕES LTDA
INDEX
5.3.2.1. Calculation of pieces of variable length from trees |
5.3.2.2. Calculation of sawn wood and Roundwood in the same area |
The software informs round wood, lumbers, and wood veneer (sheets for plywood) from trees, or individual logs in the case of sawn wood or wood veneer. The user needs to register pieces with the dimensions of round wood or lumbers. The register can be edited, replaced, or supplemented.
In the registration of pieces (roundwood and lumber), the user fills the parameters that limit the pieces, minimal and maximal diameters, and length to roundwood, thickness and width. It is possible dimensions of thickness and width by intervals so that the software will start with the largest width and thickness. Finally, the user defines a priority order between the lumbers.
To calculate lumber pieces from the trees the length is fixed and needs filled in Parameters. To calculate pieces from the individual logs the length is filled per log in Logs register.
The registration of Trees requires the information of the diameter at breast height (dbh) (1.3 meters from the ground) and the total and commercial tree height. A representative sample is required and the total number of trees per 10.000 m2 for results per area (10.000 m2).
If the user wants to obtain pieces of variable length from trees, he will use the module for calculating roundwood to generate the log file. This procedure is detailed in section “5.3.2.1. Calculation of pieces of variable length from trees”.
If the goal is to obtain sawn pieces and Roundwood pieces in the same place, the proceeding is detailed in section "5.3.2.2. Calculation of sawn wood and Roundwood in the same area".
To calculate the sawn wood with use the residue of tree tip volume, the proceeding is run in another module, described on section 5.3.2.3.
The software simulates six cutting patterns to calculate sawn wood, one for estimating empirical cutting.
The user can include prices, and obtain revenue before cutting the trees, or sawing the logs. The seller can negotiate trees with the information on how many pieces can be extracted from the forest, and the quantity of waste for another use. The value of solid wood will not only be in volume but detailed by Roundwood, lumbers, or wood veneer and their residues.
The generated results (reports) can be save in PDF or CSV format.
The implemented models are (Figure 1):
(1) Calculation of roundwood pieces;
(2) Calculation of lumber by the circumscribed square (block);
(3) Calculation of lumber by the longitudinal model (plain or flat sawn);
(4) Calculation of lumber by the longitudinal model with the base after removing the slab (waste wood);
(5) Calculation of lumber by the radial model (Quarter sawn and turning 90o);
(6) Calculation of lumber by the model that rotates the log 180 and 90º;
(7) Calculation of lumber by the longitudinal model combined with the radial model; and
(8) Calculation of wood veneer.
Roundwood
Cutting patterns
Wood veneer (sheets for plywood)
Figure 1. Way to obtain wood products
.The circumscribed square (block) model removes 4 slabs;
.The longitudinal model removes two slabs determined by an angle (user-defined parameter);
.The longitudinal model with the base after removing the slab has the parameters: angle of the slabs and angle of the slab for the base;
.The model of rotating the log 180 and 90 degrees, in addition to the angle of the slabs, has the parameters: radius proportion and thickness of the piece in the pith region.
For tree-cut models, the software generates the taper and volume functions (KOZAK et al. 1969; Schumacher and Hall, 1933) from a tree shape file (Taper) with data of sectional measuring of trees. The user has two options to model the trees:
.To register of Taper (file with the data of rigorous or stand up volume tree measure) for the software adjust the taper function (Kozak), and the volumetric (Schumacher and Hall).
.Typing the coefficients of equations from another source, if it meets similarities between genetic material, age, and region.
NOTE. If the user has equations of models different of the Kozak or Schumacher and Hall models, it is possible obtain the data to do the taper file using the owner equations. To do this it calculates the diameter along the trunk using the trunk height, dap and total height of the tree with owner taper equation. In this case the adjust will be R2 = 1.
NOTE. Figure 1.1 shows the situations of when to use or not to use a Taper equation for modeling trees. The Kozak model is a quadratic function with explanatory variables: ratio of hi / ht and (hi / ht) 2, and as dependent variable, (di / dap) 2. If similar ratio ratios between di and dap for a given hi are regressed with different ratios between hi / ht, due to vastly different heights, the model will not be adjustable by this sample (Figure 1.1, right).
NOTE. The other situation is to apply a taper equation adjusted from a suitable sample (Figure 1.1 left), in trees like the smallest in Figure 1.1 right. The result will be inconsistent. This is a situation that can occur for trees that forked, or broke and resumed growth, or native trees, or even from very heterogeneous genetic material. In this condition, it is necessary to apply taper data per tree.
Figure 1.1. Trees with taper proportional to height (left) and trees not proporcional to height (right).
The summary and detailed reports are generated, in addition to specific results for each product, which corresponds to the slicing roundwood, or to the cutting patterns of sawn wood, or to the calculation wood veneer, for trees or individual logs. It following the information contained in the reports:
.Trees: number of trees in the sample;
.Logs: number of logs in the sample;
.Sample volume (vt): is trees volume in the sample, or logs volume (vr) in the case of cut individual logs;
.vt - vr (m3): volume of tips of the trees, with vr being the volume of logs;
.vt - v (m3): total waste (only for sawn wood per tree), with v the volume of lumbers;
NOTE. The sawdust waste (vr - v) can be obtained by subtracting the total waste (vt – v) by the volume of tips (vt – vr).
.Tree to Roundwood/area: number of sample trees and per 10.000 m2 that not reached the minimal diameter to lumber (to used in “Sawnwood + Roundwood” module only);
.Dead trees e Dead trees/area: dead trees in sample and in 10.000 m2;
.Yield: is the volume of sawn wood divided by log volume (v / vr);
.Total price of sample (U$): sum of pieces prices (not implemented for wood veneer);
.Price pieces (U$ / m3): sum of pieces prices per pieces volume;
.Price logs (U$ / m3): sum of pieces prices per logs volume;
.Price trees (U$ / m3): sum of pieces price per trees volume;
.Total wood veneer length (m): sum of length of veneer of the logs;
.Number of wood sheets (wood veneer): number of sheets, cutting with length chosen by user.
In summary report are informed:
Code, Piece name, Log count (linked to the 1st sawed piece), Logs volume, pieces number (invisible for roundwood), pieces volume (invisible for roundwood), price (U$).
NOTE. When the number of trees per 10.000 m2 is filled the reports per 10.000 m2 is showed.
And in detailed report are informed:
1.Code, Piece name;
2.es: sawn piece thickness + saw thickness, in millimeters;
3.l: sawn piece width + saw thickness, in millimeters;
4.n: count of sawn pieces;
5.v: volume of sawn pieces, in cubic meters;
NOTE. es, l, n, v are showed with value equal zero in roundwood and veneer calculate modules.
6.log number: id of the log tree;
7.vr: log volume, in cubic meters;
8.Minimum diameters, Maximum diameter and di (minimum diameter without bark) of the log, in centimeters;
9.Length. Length of the piece in meters. It appear in roundwood calculate only;
10.Arv: Id of the tree that originated the logs;
11.Price (U$): price of pieces with same thickness and width, per log;
12.Conicity: ratio of the difference between the smallest and largest diameters by the length of the log in centimeters / meter;
13.Yield: ratio of the volume of lumbers (v) to the volume of the log (Vr) per log;
14.Length_veneer: length of veneer per log, in meters; and
15.FFarv: Taper factor per tree.
NOTE. Results below are not being used in wood veneer algorithmic.
.vt - v (m3), total waste;
.Yield;
.Sample price (U$);
.Price piece (U$ / m3);
.Price log (U$ / m3);
.Price tree (U$ / m3);
The software is in a Web system, http://calcmadeira.com.br. Its follows instructions for the operation.
In the REGISTER menu, enter the Parameters:
Stump height (m), delimited by cutting the tree (example: 0.15; 0.20; 0.30).
NOTE. Parameter no need in the calculation to individual logs.
Ratio of tree bark:
It is an average value. If this information is not available from literature or from previous measurements, measure diameter (d) and diameter under bark (dub) on the stump, and on the log sections up to commercial height, and obtain the average (example: for the stump + 3 logs):
Ratio of tree bark =
[(1 - dub1/d1) + (1 - dub2/d2) + (1 - dub3/d3) + (1 - dub4/d4)] / 4
Examples of bark ratio: 0.03; 0.05; 0.07 until approximate 0.20
NOTE. Bark proportion values depend on the species, environmental factors, and decrease with the height in stem (trunk).
NOTE. If the logs were peeled before sawn operation, enter zero.
Saw thickness (mm):
Corresponds to the loss of wood by sawdust and varies according to the equipment and the way of saw (band saw, trimmer, bench saw) (example: 3; 5).
Length of pieces (m):
It is necessary for the calculate sawn in trees. The user informs of agree with the demand by length (example: 3.1).
NOTE. No needs to sawn products of individual logs.
Slab angle:
This angle is required for the models that use longitudinal cut, including the one that rotates the log 180 and 90º. It determines the initial cut with the removal of the right slab. A smaller angle (a) will reduce the width of the cut, and a larger one (b) will increase this width (Figure 1.2). As the parameter is fixed, it represents the average for removal slabs in small and large logs.
Figure 1.2. First cut defined by two side angles (a and b)
NOTE. Validations have shown that an angle between 20 and 30º is a good approximation for log diameters between 20 and 40 cm. But the user can measure this angle in the sawn wood operation, in a representative sample of logs, obtaining a more precise value.
Base angle:
Angle required for the longitudinal model with the base after removing the slab, to support the log in the sawmill. It follows the same slab angle determinations.
Radius ratio for cutting the pieces:
Required for the model that rotates the log 180 and 90º. It informs the interruption limit of the longitudinal cut. This parameter is reported as a value proportional to the log radius.
Figure 1.3. Side angles of 10, 20 e 30º showing the slab width variation (right side of the circles); radius proportion of 0.55, 0.60 e 0.65 (left side of the circles) for logs with diameters 20, 25, 30, 35 e 40 cm.
NOTE. Usual values are between 0.55 to 0.65. But the user can obtain a sample of these values in the sawn operation that does not follow a specific cutting pattern, but the experience and intuition of the operator.
Thickness of the piece in pith region (central region of the log) (mm):
In species such as eucalyptus, pieces in the pith region may crack in the operation. For this reason, some sawmills increase the thickness of the piece in central region of the log. This parameter informs the thickness of the piece in the pith region (example: 40).
Part of the unusable diameter (waste roller) (mm):
In wood veneer calculation by knife process, the log is locked in the machine by means of an axis (lathe). The diameter region surrounding this axis is not usable (waste roller). It is necessary to inform the diameter of the waste roller to discard it (example: 50).
NOTE. When calculating roundwood or sawn wood, keep the waste roller field equal to 0 (zero).
Thickness of the wood sheet (mm):
It is thickness of sheet will be cut by knife roller. Inform the thickness of wood sheet (example: 3).
Length of the wood sheet (m):
The wood sheet is cutting in sheets of fixed length. Inform this length (example: 2 m).
By clicking on the Pieces module, the user can edit the files by clicking on the fields and changing the values.
Or it is possible to import data from a text file, with attributes separated by comma, semicolon, Tab or space. The example of roundwood pieces, below, is separated by Tab.
NOTE. In the roundwood file, the priority must always be for pieces from the largest to the smallest minimum diameter (di_min). This restriction does not apply to sawn wood.
File RoundWood.txt
ID Roundwood di_min(cm) di_max(cm) hi(m) Prior Price(U$)
9 sawn wood 30 100 6 1 60
8 Pole 20 30 7 2 80
7 fence stretcher 18 20 3.2 3 15
6 fence stretcher2 16 18 3.2 4 12
5 fence stretcher3 14 16 3.2 5 10
4 fence stretcher4 12 14 3.2 6 8
3 fence stretcher5 10 12 3.2 7 7
2 shoring wood 8 10 2.2 8 6
1 fence post 6 8 2.2 9 5
But first, it is necessary to delete the previous file, selecting □ Piece Code (all) and, on the More button, clicking Delete.
NOTE. When clicking Import, choose the file. If there is an accentuation in the parts with text (example: StretcherFencéIntrmediate), it is necessary to change the Encoding to “latin1”.
Place the correct separator, "Tab" for the file above, and associate the fields in each column. In the file above: code, description (name of the piece), minimum diameter, maximum diameter, log length (hi), priority order and price (Figure 2).
When clicking on the Validate button, the message “Everything seems valid” will appear if there is no error in the import. To import the data, click on the Import button.
NOTE. If an error occurs, you must cancel the import and call the file.txt again, after correcting it.
Figure 2. Page for pieces import
It is also possible to create the pieces file (CREATE button). But first, you need to delete the previous file, as described earlier. When clicking on CREATE, enter the parameters in the fields: code, priority order, description (piece name), minimum diameter, maximum diameter, log length and price (optional).
For the registration of sawn pieces (txt file below), the procedures are the same as those applied to roundwood pieces. The change is that the user can dimension the lumbers by thickness and width intervals. The length was defined in Parameters.
File Lumber.txt
ID Lumber th_min(mm) th_max(mm) l_min(mm) l_max(mm) Prior
9 big board 70 70 160 100 1
8 medium board 40 70 160 100 2
7 board 10 40 10 100 3
6 beam 40 80 80 160 4
4 pallet 70 80 70 80 5
3 rafter 40 80 50 80 6
2 clapboard 20 20 50 70 7
5 clapboard2 10 20 20 50 8
1 bottom wood 20 40 20 10 9
In the Sawn Piece Price register (txt file below) there is only one field for the thickness and width of the lumber. For price assignment of the reference piece, it is recommended to quote average dimensions of pieces to fill or edit this file.
File LumberPrice.txt
ID Lumber th(mm) l(mm) Price (U$)
9 big board 70 160 18
8 medium board 40 160 15
7 board 30 100 12
6 beam 40 80 10
4 pallet 70 70 9
3 rafter 40 50 8
2 clapboard 20 50 3
5 clapboard2 10 20 2
1 bottom wood 20 20 1
For the registration of logs or trees, the same procedures of the previous files are adopted, with respective fields to associate.
File Logs.txt (example: 9 logs)
Tree Log di_min (cm) di_max (cm) hi (m)
4 1 21.9 27.0 3.1
4 2 18.6 21.9 3.1
4 3 16.2 18.6 3.1
5 1 16.7 23.7 4.1
5 2 15.2 16.7 4.1
5 3 13.0 15.2 4.1
6 1 17.8 23.0 5.1
6 2 15.5 17.8 5.1
6 3 14.1 15.5 5.1
File Tree.txt (example: three trees)
Plot Tree dbh (cm) height(m) height_c(m)
1 1 26.8 29.6 19
1 2 23.6 29.5 19
1 3 23.5 30.8 22.1
The registration of the taper data (file Taper.txt) comes from sectional measuring of the stem. Its format is below. For its construction are necessary:
1.Start with the Stump height informed in Parameters (example: 0.15; 0.20; 0.30);
2.Include the measurement of the diameter at breast height (dbh) (hi = 1.3 m);
3.In the last measurement of hi in the tree (which can be up to the commercial height), include the entire height in the ht column.
4.Repeat below with the data for the next tree in the next row, including all the trees with the sectional measuring.
NOTE. The Taper file can fill one tree if the goal is to model individual trees.
File Taper.txt (example: three trees with the sectional measuring)
Plot Tree hi(m) di(cm) ht(m)
1 1 0.3 27.7 0
1 1 1.3 24.0 0
1 1 2.3 22.2 0
1 1 3.3 21.4 0
1 1 4.3 21.0 0
1 1 5.3 20.1 0
1 1 6.3 19.3 0
1 1 7.3 18.4 0
1 1 8.3 17.81 0
1 1 9.3 17.2 0
1 1 10.3 18.3 25.2
1 2 0.3 23.4 0
1 2 1.3 21.04 0
1 2 2 20.1 0
1 2 3 18.8 0
1 2 4 17.9 0
1 2 5 17.3 0
1 2 6 16.4 0
1 2 7 15.6 0
1 2 8 13.8 0
1 2 9 13.2 0
1 2 10 12.5 0
1 2 11 11.8 22
1 3 0.3 24.8 0
1 3 1.3 19.45 0
1 3 2.3 18.3 0
1 3 3.3 17.5 0
1 3 4.3 17.0 0
1 3 5.3 16.0 0
1 3 6.3 15.6 0
1 3 7.3 14.0 0
1 3 8.3 12.8 0
1 3 9.3 12.1 0
1 3 10.3 11.4 0
1 3 11.3 10.2 0
1 3 12.3 9.5 24.4
For the registration of the file Taper.txt, the same procedures as the previous files are adopted, with respective fields to associate.
The file with dbh, height, commercial height, and volume of the trees (Volume.txt, below) is created automatically in the CALCULATE COEFFICIENT Menu. But it can be entered by the user, if a taper analysis was performed in local forest, and the raw data for the Taper.txt file was not found.
NOTE. Three trees in the Volume.txt file strictly for the example file format. The greater the number of trees, the more accurate the volume equation will be. Note that the commercial height (hc) needs to be equal to the total height (ht) in case it has not been measured.
NOTE. The Taper.txt file can have data from only one tree for the sawn wood calculation. In this case, the Volume.txt file will be useless. It will need enter the coefficients of volume equation.
Arquivo Volume.txt (example: 3 trees).
Plot Tree dbh(cm) ht(m) hc(m) V(m3)
1 1 24.00 25.2 25.2 0.483572437
1 2 21.04 22 22 0.294076047
1 3 19.45 24.4 24.4 0.270900935
If the user has the sectional measuring of trees from the Taper.txt file, he can calculate the coefficients with the commands below.
Taper
This command calculates the coefficients of the Kozak (Taper equation) and transfers the values of B0, B1 and B2 to the module Coefficients of the equations, informing its R2.
Taper Factor and Tree Volume
This command generates the Tree Volume register and calculates the taper factor per tree, the mean and standard deviation, and generates a report per tree.
Tree Volume
This command calculates the coefficients of the Schumacher and Hall (Volume Equation) and transfers the values of B0, B1 and B2 to the module Coefficients of the equations, informing its R2.
Equations Coefficients
If the users does not calculate the coefficients, can create or edit the coefficients of taper and volume, if their equations are from the Kozak model for taper, and Schumacher and Hall for volume, by typing their values directly into the fields of the B0, B1 and B2 coefficients, after clicking Edit or Create.
NOTE. If the taper equation will not of the Kozak model, it is possible fill Taper.txt file with data of the user equation, applying the values of height along of the bole, total height and diameter at breast height (dbh) in the equation to obtain the diameter along of the bole. Then, generate the taper and volume coefficients with this file.
Select the model Calculation of roundwood pieces.
Select the volume and taper coefficients.
If you choose to calculate per area, enter the Number of trees per area (10.000 m2).
The user can decide whether to include all registered pieces. To exclude pieces, click on the “x” of the piece (example: Fences x).
To calculate, click the Calculate button and, to save the report, click in click Print or Generate file CSV.
NOTE. By excluding intermediate pieces in the diameter size, parts of the bole will remain without selection, increasing the waste, which could have been destined for useful parts (plump), although not required.
The report shows two tables discriminated per type of pieces (for the sample and, per area if the number of trees per area is entered), and one with results per pieces extracted of each log of trees of the sample.
NOTE. In the example, the number of trees per area was not reported, showing only the sample table of 10 trees (Figure 3).
NOTE. The columns es, l, n, v, conic index, and yield are not calculated for Roundwood.
Figure 3. Roundwood calculation
This module calculates the sawn wood of the trees.
Select a model of sawn wood (example: Calculation of lumber by longitudinal model (plain or flat sawn)).
Select the volume and taper coefficients.
If you choose to Calculate commercial height? you need to enter the Minimum diameter of wood utilization (example: 18).
If you choose to calculate per area, enter the Number of trees per area (10.000 m2).
The user can decide whether to include all registered pieces. To exclude pieces, click on the “x” of the piece. To calculate, click the Calculate button and, to save the report, click in click Print or Generate file CSV.
The report shows two tables discriminated per type of pieces, for the sample and, per area if the number of trees per area is entered (Figure 4). And the last table shows results per pieces extracted of each log of trees of the sample.
Figure 4. Lumber calculate of the trees.
If the user wants logs of different lengths from trees for the calculation of sawn wood, he must use the register of roundwood pieces according to Figure 4.1. In this example, the user wants to obtain sawn pieces with 6.6; 4.2; 3.1 and 2.2 meters in length.
Note that the minimum diameter was set at 18 cm, a viable limit of the sawing of the log. And the maximum diameter must be greater than the largest diameter at the base of the sample trees, 100 cm for example. The next column is the length of interest, and the last column, the price, is optional.
Figure 4.1. example: of log registers for sawn wood.
When executing the module RoundWood, with the Roundwood Calculate, the leftover wood (Vt – Vr) informs the residue tip wood of the trees sample. And the detailed report provides necessary information for Log.txt file.
Press “Export txt” button and it appears the link to access the Log.txt file. After it’s downloaded, import Log.txt for the Logs register, following the instructions in 5.1.1. topic. and execute the module for calculating lumber (Sawn wood (log)).
The result will be the sawed pieces with selected lengths by user in classified logs to saw of the sample trees. The other logs that complete the tree tip are included in leftover wood (Vt – Vr) calculated in RoundWood module.
This is another situation when the user wants split the trees of the area to calculate sawn wood and Roundwood (Figure 4.2).
Figure 4.2. Plot of the eucalyptus trees with 10 meters radius, distance 3 x 2 m, with 19 years, unhandled (not uniform and high dead), with 27 trees leaves (859 trees/10.000 m2), 25 trees deads (52 seedlings planted). Of the 27 trees leaves, 14 are classified for roundwood (459 trees/10.000 m2), and 13 are for to saw (400 trees/10.000 m2).
The operations to obtain lumber and roundwood in same area follow:
1)Use the module Lumber Tree with calculation of the commercial height, see topic 5.3.2. The trees register after this operation will have zero commercial height in trees no classified to saw.
2) Use the module Tree to Roundwood and Lumber, to modify the trees register. This module changes the commercial height of the sawn trees to zero and the selected trees to Roundwood calculation will have the commercial height equal to the total height.
3)Run the Roundwood module with the new trees register to obtain pieces of the classified trees for roundwood.
4)To retrieve the registration of trees and original commercial heights, this must again execute the Tree to Roundwood and Lumber and, when calculating sawn pieces, use the option to calculate the commercial height with the same minimum diameter previously used.
Both the reports generated for sawn wood and Roundwood are partial results of the same wood stock, except the tips of the trees classified to saw. This part of the stock was quantified how the volume of tips, a kind of waste. (vt – vr). This residue can be calculated in roundwood pieces (Topic 5.3.2.3).
NOTE. If the user has the commercial heights of the sample measured in the field, to perform this operation it is not necessary to use the option to calculate the commercial height, but it is necessary to manually put zero in hc of the unclassified trees to saw and perform the operations from the item 2.
If the number of sample trees is big It will be more easy edit the Tree.txt file in a sheet program, and to import the file again.
The module Sawnwood + Roundwood Tree calculates the sawn wood and roundwood in same tree. Instead of quantify the tree tip volume how residue (vt – vr), they are stroke in Roundwood pieces (Figure 4.3). The results are showing in the same report frame, following the order of the log per tree. The field of sawn wood piece will be empty when to reach the not using to sawn wood, and to begin the Roundwood pieces (logs), following the order until tree usable, limited by minimal diameter among Roundwood pieces.
Figure 4.3. Plot of the eucalyptus trees with 10 meters radius, distance 3 x 2 m, with 25 trees deads and 13 for to saw until a constraint diameter and cut the rest of the tree in roundwood peaces.
NOTE. If the tree register was modified by module Tree to Roundwood and Lumber, it is need that commercial heights of selected trees to be non-zero. Otherwise run the module Tree to Roundwood and Lumber again and use the module Sawnwood + Roundwood with option Calculate commercial height?
Select a model of sawn wood (example: Calculation of lumber by longitudinal model (plain or flat sawn)).
Select the volume and taper coefficients.
If you choose to Calculate commercial height? you need to enter the Minimum diameter of wood utilization (example: 18).
If you choose to calculate per area, enter the Number of trees per area (10.000 m2).
The user can decide whether to include all registered pieces. To exclude pieces, click on the “x” of the piece. To calculate, click the Calculate button and, to save the report, click in click Print or Generate file CSV.
The report shows two tables discriminated per type of pieces, for the sample and, per area if the number of trees per area is entered (Figure 4.4). And Figure 4.5 shows results of the sawed and roundwood extracted pieces of trees of the sample.
Figure 4.4. Summary report of the module Sawnwood + Roundwood.
NOTE. The yield in summary report inform the percent of lumber per all pieces obtained (lumber and roundwood). The yield of lumber per log is informed in detailed report.
Figure 4.5. Detailed report of the module Sawnwood + Roundwood.
This module calculates the wood veneer of the trees.
Select the model Calculation of wood veneer
Select the volume and taper coefficients.
If you choose to Calculate commercial height? you need to enter the Minimum diameter of wood utilization (example: 18).
To calculate, click the Calculate button and, to save the report, click in click Print or Generate file CSV.
Figure 5 shows the results for each log of the sample trees.
Figure 5. Attributes for wood veneer calculated of the trees
This module calculates the sawn wood of the individual logs.
Select a model of sawn wood (example: Calculation of lumber by the longitudinal model per logs).
The user can decide whether to include all registered pieces. To exclude pieces, click on the “x” of the piece (example: Fences x). To calculate, click the Calculate button and, to save the report, click in click Print or Generate file CSV.
Figure 6 shows the report with type of pieces for the sample.
The last table shows the results by type of pieces extracted from each sample log.
Figure 6. Lumber calculate of the individual logs.
This module calculates wood veneer of the individual logs.
Select the Calculation of wood veneer (log)
To calculate, click the Calculate button and, to save the report, click in click Print or Generate file CSV.
Figure 7 shows the table with attribute for wood veneer per individual logs.
Figure 7. Attributes for wood veneer calculated per individual logs
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